A Report of a Child Observations

A Report of a Child Observations For confidentiality reason, I will refer to the child as A. Child A is a three years and two months old male, from a working class, mixed heritage background: mum is Indian and dad is English. He is a middle child with an older brother aged four and a nine months old sister. Parents are married and they all live together. A naturalistic, non-participant, target child observation was done for an hour a week over a six weeks period in a co-educational private nursery; with a class size of 20 children ages between 3-4, and 3 teachers. Structured observation is done in a natural social setting to observe predefined activities. The avoidance of premature interpretation, without seeking to understand the context in which behaviour occurred is an important skill needed in structured observation. It eliminates the risk of instant judgement and moral absolutes. All aspects of observed behaviour according to Sheppard (2006) as citied in Adams et al (2009: 211), must be rigorously explained, analysed and contextualised. Objectivity in drawing conclusion by taking an observational stance is an invaluable skill. Objectivity is needed in systematically evaluating observed behaviour, context and situations in an unbiased, factual way. Heightened self-awareness of personal feelings, experiences, attitude and values and its effect on judgement needs to be recognised (Trowell and Miles 2004). Effective communication skills enhance empathic understanding of observed behaviour and its social context. Direct observation of non-verbal behaviour adds information about emotional states. Social workers need to be attentive to non-verbal cues e.g. tone of voice and link behaviour with emotions that might have caused it (Wilson et al 2008). Communication skills are the blinding blocks to forming relationships based on trust and confidence. Communication skills assist service users to modify their unrealistic expectations and clarify the respective goals (Thompson 2003). Tolerating uncertainty is another important skill. It develops the not knowing way of practice: Briggs (1992) as cited in Wilson et al (2008: 106) states that the process of giving emotional attention to what is observed and the delibrate delaying of knowing facilitates in practice the kind of measured assesment that is blocked if stereotypes and prejudice are unthinkingly adopted. The act of not knowing reduces ineffective hasty intervention because it helps social workers to reflect on situations (Tanner 1998). Information gathering and documentation skill is invaluable in structured observation. Observed behaviours should be recorded in an accurate, factual and chronological manner; recording as soon as possible as this affects how much is recalled; the language used to code behaviour and experiences is also important: this minimises the risk of misinterpretation and the reliability of the information. Confidentiality should be adhered to in regards to all information (Thompson 2003). Theoretical framework illuminates social workers understanding of behaviour thereby enhancing the appropriate use of social work strategies and intervention. Developmental psychology is concerned with understanding the interaction between individuals and their environment, and the impact this has on their long-term development. Crawford and Walker (2003) as citied in Ingleby (2010) highlighted the impact biological and sociological perspective has on child development. Social workers work in a complex society dealing with individuals, family and communities. In child development, the nature versus nurture debate is vital, if the extent to which environmental and/or heredity factors that affects child development is to be established. Nature looks at the impact of heredity factors whiles nurture concentrates on the environmental factors on the development of a child ( Bee and Boyd 2010). Attachment theory seeks to explain the effect social emotional interaction has on cognitive development. Bowlby researched the impact maternal deprivation has on development. He concluded that from birth to two years is the critical period in which emotional bond is formed; otherwise the impact will be an irreversible damage in later life. Ainsworth developed this theory further by her Strange Situation research and stated that the mother is not the only attachment figure as children can form close emotional bond to other attachment figure. She conducted a research on mothers and babies and concluded that emotional bond is formed with other attachment figure depending on the emotional responsiveness of the attachment figure. She identified four types of attachment: secure, ambivalent, avoidant and anxious attachment (Gross 2010). Child A exhibited signs of distress during separation with mum; however, his teacher was able to comfort him. According to Ainsworth, child A would be described as been securely attached. He felt secure and able to depend on the carer due to her emotional responsiveness to his needs. A child displayed a secure attachment toward his mother based on trust. This according to Erickson and Freud can be accounted for by the effective bonding with his mother during the critical period. For secure attachment to be formed, according to Freud, the childs gratifications should have been sufficiently satisfied (Gross 2010). On the nurture side of the debate, is behavioural theories, child development is influenced by environmental factors and the unconscious they believe is of little importance. According to Watson 1913 as cited in Bee (2010), nurture plays an important part through the manipulation of environmental factors. This was demonstrated in his research on Little Albert and the effect of classical conditioning. Behavioural approach focus on the influences environment factors has on overt behaviour. According to behaviourist, an individual is a clean slate and the environmental factors are the chalk and the individual holding the chalk: what is written on the slate is decided by the individual holding the chalk (Ingleby, 2010, p. 5). An individual identity is therefore shaped by the interaction between the individual and the environment; this theory can be associated with psychologist such as Skinner, Watson and Pavlov. Child A on arrival at the nursery knew where to hang his coat: his behaviour was positively affirmed by his mum with praise and a smile. A has therefore been conditioned to associate this behaviour with positive affirmation. This can be linked to the work of Skinner known as operant condition, this refers to the link that exists between positively affirming behaviour that reinforces a particular stimulus (Ingleby, 2010). According to Freud, the thought process of both the conscious and the unconscious; and early experiences can be accounted for human development. Through the manipulation of the though process which he called the: id which regulate biological needs; the ego- social self and the super ego- our social identity, individual develops through the six stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, puberty and geniality (Ingleby, 2010, p. 8). Freud stages of development are more to do with the maturation than the environmental interaction. However, according to Piaget cognitive development stages, the interaction with the environment accounts for more. His stages of development are sensori-motor, pre-occupational, concrete and formal. As children, interact with their environment: the biological need; the developments of self and social identity are met. At the preoccupation stage, symbolic thought is developed and the child is seen as egocentric. In contrast, according to Vygotskys, cognitive development is influenced by an older experienced individual who act as a scaffold. Play is important if a child is to pass through this stage successfully: as it encourage interaction and the imitation of adult role (Wilson et al 2008). Ericksons stages of development though similar to Freuds in the development of social identity, differ as his qualitative distinct stages expand through the lifespan. An example of this is the development of ego, which occurs in the autonomy vs. shame, doubt stage between the ages of 2-3. According to Freud the anal stage, is where children are susceptible to low self-esteem and reduced autonomy as they learn social norms and acquire new skills. A relationship based trust, which is developed in the previous stage, between the child, and carer is critical for emotional well-being ( Bee an Boyd, 2010). During the observation and when relating observed behaviours to psychological theories I was petrified of mirroring my own early experiences and the influence this may have on my behaviour and responses to the observed behaviour . On reflection, at the start of the observation I felt anxious and concentrated on trying to relate psychological theories to observed behaviour. However, with time I became less anxious in my role as an observer. I felt happy at how responsive the carers were to the needs of the child especially during separation with parent and during play. When interpreting the result of my observation, I was aware of my own assumptions about childrens behaviour based on my knowledge and experience of child development and socio-cultural influences. Social workers bring to their profession not only their skills and knowledge but also their emotional history, values, commitment to social justice, biases, attitudes, anxieties, self-concept, protective instincts, cultural background and social identity (Mandell 2008: 244). An example of this, is attachment theory which according to Boyum and Parke (1995) when done in isolation does not give a true account of the type of attachment, as it depends on how emotionally expressive the cultural context is. I have also learnt to recognise the childs position in the family and nursery, as well the wider social context and appreciate the diversity of these networks and the different theories that can aid my understanding of child development. This experience has been invaluable: it contributes towards my personal development, by given me insight knowledge of theorising; enhanced my reflective ability including the importance of feedback; and the importance of self-awareness. It also enhances my understanding of the unavoidable impact of the emotional content of the interactions between social worker and service users; for example during the observation I felt isolated, confused, happy, anxious and frustrated at times. This experience also helps me develop and understand the importance of maintaining professional boundaries. Reflexivity was the final stage of this reflective journey, the combination of reflection and critical reflection and the understanding of my own reflective journey (Wilson et al 2008).

The Industrial Revolution Essay -- Essays Papers

The Industrial Revolution Imagine living in a world in which rights governed society. The people participate in a free market, and property is seen as "an inviolable and sacred right" that cannot be taken away.(1) This glorious idea is called liberalism. Liberalism emerged whole-heartedly during the Nineteenth-century Industrial Revolution. Followers of liberalism believe in the rights of the individual, especially the right to property. Early in its developement, this idea caused deep clashes between the middle class, called the bourgeoisie, and the working class, called the proletariat. These clashes created opposition to the liberal movement; communism became the supporter of this opposition. Many philosophers pushed the development of liberalism. The most persuasive were Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill. Smith is often considered the founder of liberalism. Smith "looked forward to a new world, which would escape the sophistry and meanness of medieval Christian thought, but would recourse to...authoritarian political oppression."(2) Smith wanted to make profits with little risk involved. He also believed a constitutional government would prevent government intervention with markets. Free markets allowed for more and cheaper goods, and they would benefit the greatest amount of people the greatest amount of the time. This was called laissez-faire. Smith also believed the state should be responsible for the "stipends of the priests."(3) This was government intervention of an individual right, freedom of religion. Because of Smith's beliefs towards religion, he was somewhat unpopular among Nineteenth-century liberals. These liberals chose to disregard Smith as the founder and preferred to regard David Ricardo... ...irtue; The Moral and Political Foundations of The Wealth of Nations, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), 193. - Athol Fitzgibbons, Adam Smith's System of Liberty Wealth. and Virtue, 159. - Donald Kagan, Steven Ozment and Frank M. Turner, The Western Heritage, Brief Edition, Volume II, (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1996), 523. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 141. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 141. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 125. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 126-7. - Kagan, The Western Heritage, 519. - Dr. Darrow. Lecture notes. 10/2 - Dr. Darrow. Lecture notes. 10/14 - Karl Marx, "The Communist Manifesto," in Sources for the Humanities: Hisotory and Religious Studies, First ed., 48. - Kagan, The Western Heritage, 515. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 30. The Industrial Revolution Essay -- Essays Papers The Industrial Revolution Imagine living in a world in which rights governed society. The people participate in a free market, and property is seen as "an inviolable and sacred right" that cannot be taken away.(1) This glorious idea is called liberalism. Liberalism emerged whole-heartedly during the Nineteenth-century Industrial Revolution. Followers of liberalism believe in the rights of the individual, especially the right to property. Early in its developement, this idea caused deep clashes between the middle class, called the bourgeoisie, and the working class, called the proletariat. These clashes created opposition to the liberal movement; communism became the supporter of this opposition. Many philosophers pushed the development of liberalism. The most persuasive were Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill. Smith is often considered the founder of liberalism. Smith "looked forward to a new world, which would escape the sophistry and meanness of medieval Christian thought, but would recourse to...authoritarian political oppression."(2) Smith wanted to make profits with little risk involved. He also believed a constitutional government would prevent government intervention with markets. Free markets allowed for more and cheaper goods, and they would benefit the greatest amount of people the greatest amount of the time. This was called laissez-faire. Smith also believed the state should be responsible for the "stipends of the priests."(3) This was government intervention of an individual right, freedom of religion. Because of Smith's beliefs towards religion, he was somewhat unpopular among Nineteenth-century liberals. These liberals chose to disregard Smith as the founder and preferred to regard David Ricardo... ...irtue; The Moral and Political Foundations of The Wealth of Nations, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), 193. - Athol Fitzgibbons, Adam Smith's System of Liberty Wealth. and Virtue, 159. - Donald Kagan, Steven Ozment and Frank M. Turner, The Western Heritage, Brief Edition, Volume II, (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1996), 523. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 141. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 141. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 125. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 126-7. - Kagan, The Western Heritage, 519. - Dr. Darrow. Lecture notes. 10/2 - Dr. Darrow. Lecture notes. 10/14 - Karl Marx, "The Communist Manifesto," in Sources for the Humanities: Hisotory and Religious Studies, First ed., 48. - Kagan, The Western Heritage, 515. - Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 30.

Research Paper on Langston Hughes

Name English 1302. FE1 April 19, 2013 Research project: Langston Hughes Anybody can be philosopher, and come up with wonderful ideas and thoughts in their head. How many of those people can actually get those ideas and thoughts on to paper. For others to cherish or criticize, to love or hate. Only a select few can achieve such a task and it doesn't come easy; to be able to relate to a great amount of people and know that they have the same ideas. It is almost as if you are talking for a group of people when you write a poem cause those feelings you have when you are writing it transcends to those that are reading the poem.Creating feelings with just a group of words and bringing back past emotions or new emotions to the reader. Langston Hughes is one of those incredible people. The way his poems bring a sensation to them that some other poets can’t even process. â€Å"Hughes was a very complex person, split between a sophisticated consciousness and a fierce determination to c reate a popular and simplified poetic art† (Bloom 10). Langston Hughes had a way of reaching his people by speaking to the black people and putting down everyday life for them. He helped form a new kind of poetry with more rhythm style. Hughes was an established figure in the Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement characterized by an explosion of black literature, theater, music, painting, and political and racial consciousness†(Meyers 908). Jazz was growing during the Harlem Renaissance and Langston captured that in jazz poetry. â€Å"Jazz poetry is a literary genre defined as poetry necessarily informed by jazz music†¦ Jazz poetry, like the music itself, encompasses a variety of forms, rhythms, and sounds. † (A Brief Guide to Jazz Poetry). Jazz poetry can be seen as a thread that runs through the Harlem Renaissance, the Beat movement, and the Black Arts Movement.Jazz poems are supposed to bring a vivid imagery in your head. To which Langston could write po ems that could almost make you feel like you were there dancing and galloping in joy. Langston Hughes was born in a regular black family. The talent of Langston Hughes really emerged in high school where he participated on the yearbook staff, wrote for the school newspaper, and began his short stories. He found that he loved writing. He brought black culture into books and poetry. â€Å"Hughes’s poems, populist and expressionistic, rarely demand, or receive, ‘close reading’† (Bloom 8). He died a great poet, activist, and novelist.His â€Å"impressive body of work makes him an important literary artist and a leading African American voice of the twentieth century. † (Meyers 913). Poetry is such a strong and magical force that is too hard not to be ignored. Poems can come from great depths from death to dreams. Theme in poems are endless, they can be anything. Many poets play off of one theme their whole careers, because they have so much meaning that they felt yet haven’t seen the light of many people. Langston Hughes has a broad amount of themes in his poems, such as uplifting the black people and to help them not be ashamed of whom they are.He kept that one of his major themes for most of his poems. I believe that can also be a broad theme for all his poems. All of Hughes’ poems helped with getting the black culture up and rising and fighting cause things would get better. He gave blacks a sense of optimism. He brought many of his followers to a better place every time they read his poems. Langston Hughes wrote many great poems, I have chosen a select few to write about and try to dig deep inside of them to know where he was coming from. Langston Hughes, a great poet has presented many themes in his works. A theme is the overall process of a poem and gives it life.I will be discovering and understanding the themes Langston Hughes uses in four chosen poems. â€Å"Mother to Son,† by Langston Hughes, is a po em about a mother telling her son about all the hardships that she had to go through in her life. Then she tells her son not to give up no matter how hard it is to keep going on. The stairs and everything on or not on it are a metaphor for her life. This poem is about never giving up. â€Å"So boy, don’t you turn back. Don’t you set down on the steps. † (Mother to Son lines 14-15) Sometimes everything just feels like nothing is going right and you feel like there is no point in even trying anymore.Life â€Å"ain’t been no crystal stair† (Mother to Son line 20) but its essential to press on. You can overcome anything. There are always ups, and downs in life and you have to endure whatever life throws at you and push through it. â€Å"Park Bench,† Is a story of two different lives and how ambitions of one lead to the same status as his counterpart. Park Bench has an undertone of being an underdog and coming from nothing, a â€Å"rags to riche s† story. We all look at people within a higher class and desire to have that lifestyle. Everybody wants to be the wealthiest or part of the higher class, but how many of them actually go out and do that? That I might, just maybe, in a year or two, Move on over To Park Avenue? † (Park Bench lines 9-12) is a good line to represent the ambitions people have; to move up in the world and to have the dream to be able to afford living in high status. Just having the strength to have the ambition to set a goal with so much meaning and fulfilling it. It plays on the American Dream of coming from a next to nothing situation and having the will power to show the world that you aren't just â€Å"anybody† but a â€Å"somebody†. Hughes has a way of making it seem as if anything is possible.If he can do it, I can too. This poem really brings out something that lies deep inside of me and I want to make it. I could see this poem inspiring the black man wanting to strive fo r more. â€Å"I, Too,† is an excellent poem. It is about the life of a black person who grows up mentally and believes that he can achieve a lot by just standing up for himself. It is almost as if he decided to go against the grain and start a revolution. â€Å"Besides, they’ll see how beautiful I am and be ashamed. † (I, Too Lines 15-17). By being a gentlemen and being nice, the people had nothing to do, but like him.This poem shows you don’t have to have violence to be a bigger man. Also he is saying that everyone in this country is equal and we are all American, so why are we degraded people just because of the color of their skin. â€Å"I, Too Am American. † â€Å"(I, Too Lines 18). We are all created the same, so he was saying the world itself is fucked up enough, so why are we here disgracing others and believing some are better than others. This was a strong poem and painted a great picture of how life was back then. â€Å"Frederick Dougla ss,† is a poem about a man who strived to be free.The theme of this poem shows drive and perseverance to freedom. â€Å"On which he set his feet, to route each path toward freedom’s goal† (Frederick Douglass lines 10-13). Douglass’ strength of character is so great, Hughes says, that he cannot die. Though he has been formally dead since 1895, his spirit's vitality remains as strong as ever. His strength came not from sheer will but from his will to liberate the enslaved. â€Å"From the beginning of his career to the end of it, Hughes spoke out clearly and courageously for racial justice. † (Taylor). Hughes poetry reveals his hearty appetite for all humanity, his insistence on justice for all, and his faith in the transcendent possibilities of joy and hope that make room for everyone at Americas table. † (Meyers 916). Langston Hughes brought a new view to many people and let many people in on the life of a regular black lifestyle. He was a true activist and brought hope and inspiration to many black people. â€Å"Langston Hughes is one of the essential figures in American literature. His career is much larger than the body of his poetry alone.By his work and his example, he has enriched our lives† (Taylor). What makes a poet great is that they can paint a picture in your head as well as give you a new view of things and make you feel what they are saying. You can basically see the poet writing down the words for the first time, as your mind starts painting the picture word by word stroke by stroke. As soon as a word comes out a new stroke emerges and brings you to new depths. You can feel the life and feel the pain and triumph in many of Hughes’ poems. Langston Hughes, a great poet has presented many themes in his works and gives them life.Works Cited Author Unknown. â€Å"A Brief Guide to Jazz Poetry. †Academy of American Poets. n. d. Web. 2 April. 2013. ;www. poets. org/viewmedia. php/prmMID/5660;. Bloom, Harold, ed. Langston Hughes: Comprehensive Research and Study Guide. Broomall: Chelsea House Publishers, 1998. Web. Hughes, Langston: â€Å"Frederick Douglas. † The Compact Bedford Introduction toLiterature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 8thed. Boston. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. 931-932. Print. —. â€Å"I, Too. †The Compact Bedford Introduction toLiterature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 8thed. Boston. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. 15. Print. —. â€Å"Mother to Son. † The Compact Bedford Introduction toLiterature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 8thed. Boston. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. 917. Print. —. â€Å"Park Bench. †The Compact Bedford Introduction toLiterature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 8th ed. Boston. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. 924. Print. Meyer, Michael. â€Å"A Study of Langston Hughes. †The Compact Bedford Introductionto Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 8thed. Boston. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. 907-936. Print. Taylor, Henry. â€Å"He Heard America Jiving. † The New York Times. December 25, 1994. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.

Puppy Bowl Analysis Essay

Puppy Bowl Analysis Essay Puppy Bowl Analysis Essay Yukari Kristine Nishi Strengths Loyal Viewers 13.5 million last year Long history of success The show has a great purpose = adoption Animal Planet Show - Well respected broadcast channel Partnership with local shelters and animal welfare groups across the country Uber partnership Sponsored by GEICO, Subaru, and Pedigree Has a variety of animals on the show Opportunities Weaknesses Aired on the same day as the traditional sport day - Super Bowl Sunday Advertisement is hard to compete against the Super Bowl commercials/ads Only once a year - difficult to keep the audience engaged until the day of the Puppy Bowl Specific target audience - animal lovers Threats †¨ Creates a connection for adoption - great cause Movies in theaters were opened the Friday so it may attract more viewers who are interested before the game - Project Almanac / Black & - e.g. family White Raising awareness Super Bowl Viewers / Advertisement Sponsorship may increase because of the positive reputation the show has. Aired even during the game - viewers may watch it during the commercial of Super Bowl Strategic Implications Since the Puppy Bowl has a long-held history and many loyal viewers, I believe it would be a good idea to try expanding their cause by engaging current and new viewers through social media, especially throughout the time leading up to the day Puppy Bowl is aired. New Sponsors: 1. Petsmart - A retail chain for pet supplies, also supports pet adoption at their store. 2. Petfinder - Pet adoption organization, based on their online website. 3. Meow Mix - Pedigree is a dog food company already sponsoring PB, Meow Mix could be the sponsor from the cat food field. 4. Moo Shoes - a cruelty free shoe store, helps cat adoption at several of their stores.†¨ mooshoes.com/about-mooshoes/ Top 15 Facts Tweets: 1. Dogs have amazing ability to smell, it even helps detect cancer in the human body! http:// aol.it/1qMnY0p #PuppyBowlXI #Puppyfacts †¨ Yukari Kristine Nishi 2. Studies show a clear correlation between people’s personalities and type of dogs they own! http://bit.ly/1dcz0S4 #PuppyBowlXI #Puppyfacts †¨ 3. All he wants is a belly rub! Petting your dog lowers heart rate & blood pressure! http://bit.ly/ 1dcz0S4 #PuppyBowlXI #Puppyfacts #bellyrubs †¨ 4. Happy puppy, happy life! Dog owners are less like to get depression compared to non-pet owners. http://bit.ly/1dcz0S4 #PBXI #Puppyfacts †¨ 5. 72% of American households, that's 82.5 MILLION households has a pet in their family! http://bit.ly/1uGzEAe #PBXI #Puppyfacts†¨ 6. Every year 5 - 7 million pets enter animal shelters, 3 - 4 million are euthanized. http://bit.ly/ 1uGzEAe #PBXI #Puppyfacts #Giveahome #Adopt†¨ 7. Studies show cat owners are 30% less likely to get a heart attack compared to non-cat owners.

Zimbabwe Country Analysis essays

Zimbabwe Country Analysis essays I. Brief discussion of history- The United Kingdom annexed Rhodesia (later changed to Zimbabwe) from the South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated to keep the white race in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the United Kingdom did not recognize the act and demanded voting rights for the black African majority in the country. United Nations sanctions and a revolutionary uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert Mugabe, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. A. Location- In Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia.2 B. Climate- It is tropical yet moderated by altitude. The rainy season Is from November to March. The seasons are the reverse of those in the northern hemisphere, with midsummer at Christmas and winter lasting from May to August. In winter, the days are generally dry and sunny with cold frosty nights. In summer, temperatures average 15 - 20 degrees centigrade, with October being the hottest month. In low-lying areas, it is much warmer all year than in the capital, which is named Harare. 2 C. Topography- Zimbabwe is 391,090 square kilometers or 150,961 square miles. The borders with Republic of Zimbabwe are Botswana, Mozambique, Malawi, and South Africa. The capital is Harare and major towns are Bulawayo, Gweru, and Mutare. An outstanding feature of Zimbabwe's natural heritage is its diversity and variety. Few African nations can boast such a wide range of territory. The country is bound to the north by the Zambezi River, which has been dammed at Kariba to form an enormous fresh water lake. Further upstream are the Victoria Falls, the largest curtain of falling water anywhere in the world. Bordering Mozambique to the east is a range of mountains reaching 2, 600 met...

System and Operation Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

System and Operation Management - Assignment Example This company started with photocopying services and then moved to printing services, which motivate its development until currently. The performance of the selling points has been up to date although with some few setback here and there. This paper highlights the setbacks and provides insights on the areas where the company has shown good performance. It also looks deeply at some of the problems the company is experiencing and provides strategy for making changes in the organization. First, the history of the organization tells much more about the company structure and how it developed from a very low status to become a reckoned organization in the entire Europe region. Introduction History of the Company Atokowa is an organization that deals within the office supply industry within the Australian region. The company sells several items that are used in offices. For instance, the organization deals with selling office furniture, printing and paper. Initially they sold printed fliers, business cards among other office equipments. The company started from a humble background when Lachlan bought his first photocopying Xerox 914 machine in Sydney and started photocopying services in his garage in the year 1964 (Gomez-Mejia, David and Robert 2008). The organization started expanding in through printing and reproducing several copies for different companies. Atokowa tremendously grew in 1970 when Lachlan bought a retail outlet thus expanding his services to include printing services. This enabled him to develop a high reputation in service delivery providing the organization a better environment for growth and development. Additionally, the company gained a good picture when the owner decided to make it as a one point for selling and buying and further coming up with decisions for identifying and setting up new shops in different areas of Europe at large. The organization got its name from the original owner as he felt that this was the right name for it (Kotter, Joh n & Dan 2002). Lachlin wanted to retire early from business activities and let eldest son Jonathan Atokowa run the business in the year 1983 (Gomez-Mejia, David and Robert 2008). It is during this period that Jonathan Atokowa became more focused on technological improvement of the company. He introduced the selling of Commodore 64 together with IBN PC 5100 that was the highest technology during that period. Jonathan has continually followed his father’s footsteps for developing the organization through involving in selling of various technological equipments in its different selling points in the Australia. Regional outlets that sell under Atokowa name are found in areas like Canberra, Adelaide, Newcastle and Brisbane regions. The picture below indicates all retail regions that enjoy services from the organization. Purpose of the report Business operations require that customers get their services to the fullest. This is quite challenging in some cases where the organization has many outlets that serve many customers. The company that applauds best services for its customers has the

Insolvency law in United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Insolvency law in United Kingdom - Essay Example It should be noted that the international assistance for which provision is made by section 426(4) is limited not only in terms of the foreign countries from which requests for such assistance can be entertained, but also in terms of the authorities by which it may be requested and provided. The only form of assistance that can be obtained is on a 'court-to-court' basis: it is not open to an office holder appointed in foreign insolvency proceedings to make a direct, personal request for assistance to an English court, nor to any other person or authority, under the auspices of this statutory provision. Moreover, the ambit of the power to give assistance is narrowed still further, since it is expressed to be exercisable by 'the courts having jurisdiction in relation to insolvency law in any part of the United Kingdom', in response to requests for assistance submitted by 'the courts having the corresponding jurisdiction' in a country or territory which has been designated for this spec ific purpose. It is therefore necessary to determine which courts are qualified to participate in the process, a question whose resolution is partly dependent on the arrangements in force, in the United Kingdom and in the other country concerned, for the allocation of jurisdiction in relation to insolvency law. ... In most cases it is likely that a request for assistance will be addressed to the High Court, as the court endowed with a comprehensive jurisdiction covering both individual and corporate insolvency. However, it should be noted that where the debtor has a residential address, or carries on business, within a County Court insolvency district outside the London Insolvency District or (in the case of a company) has its registered office in such a district outside London, the County Court in question has a jurisdiction concurrent, and also co-extensive, with that of the High Court. In terms of speed, and also cost, there may sometimes be advantages in addressing a request for assistance to the appropriate County Court. (V. Markham Lester, 1995) A literal reading of subsection (4), taken in isolation, might therefore yield the conclusion that the English court has an unconditional duty to provide assistance to courts which meet the stated criteria rendering them eligible to request it. Such a conclusion would be premature however, because subsection (4) itself supplies no indication as to the nature of the assistance which the courts are required to provide. For this, it is necessary to refer to subsection (5), whose full provisions are as follows: For the purposes of subsection (4) a request made to a court in any part of the United Kingdom by a court in any other part of the United Kingdom or a relevant country or territory is authority for the court to which the request is made to apply, in relation to any matters specified in the request, the insolvency law which is applicable by either court in relation to comparable matters falling within its jurisdiction. In exercising its discretion under